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The successful completion of this stage leaves one feeling useful and accomplished, but failure can result in a sense of stagnation and disconnection from family and society. Generativity helps develop a sense of belonging and being a part of the bigger picture. This can mean giving back to the community or raising children. The seventh stage, which takes place between the ages of 40 and 65, is called “generativity versus stagnation” and is characterized by the need to give to others. The last two stages concern middle-aged and older adults, specifically ages 40 and over. This theory stated that there are eight stages in a person’s life in which their personality develops. Erikson was best known for his theory of psychosocial development, which refers to how a person’s needs coincide with the needs of society.
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Significant personal growthĪccording to Erik Erikson, who was a developmental psychologist, middle and late adulthood are significant times of personal growth. Eating healthy and being active are two important factors that can delay some age-related diseases and conditions, which is crucial to living a long and healthy life. There is even evidence that a large percentage of those age 65 and older have the same physical and mental capabilities as those who are much younger. Studies show that in the last 50 years, the health status of older adults has improved. Benefits of Aging Comparatively better health Alternatively, having positive perceptions about aging can lead to health benefits and may even add years onto one’s life. Examples include a greater risk of developing Alzheimer’s Disease (which causes problems with memory and thinking), impaired physical functioning, and even premature death. Negative perceptions of aging are often internalized and can even lead to serious health consequences. Therefore, those nearing the age of 65 tend to become anxious about their health care, finances, and physical functioning. Such stereotypes develop in us at a very young age and continue to influence us into our adult lives. Many people have negative assumptions about aging, including beliefs that older people automatically become incompetent, experience depression, lose their memory, and are unable to enjoy life. Unfortunately, professionals, policy makers, and families are often unprepared for or uninformed about aging.
Functional age vs chronological age full#
Many people experience full lives for two to four decades past 60 years of age. Where once it was unusual for families to have three living generations, now it is not unusual for families to have four living generations. The need to understand the normal aging process is increasing rapidly as this nation’s population grows older.
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Some scientists feel that human beings have a built-in “biological clock” which would run for 130 years if no diseases or illnesses affected the body. The way someone ages depends on heredity, physical health, nutrition, mental health, and other unknown factors. It begins at conception and continues throughout the life cycle. When trying to predict someone’s survival rate for a disease or their longevity in general, their functional age is a more accurate measure than their chronological one. Because a person’s physiological age can be estimated by functional measures, the two terms are often used interchangeably. Research suggests that some individuals report feeling up to 20 percent younger than their chronological age.Ĭhronological age is based only on time, while physiological or functional age is based on the effect of medical and psychosocial stressors on a person such as having a disease or caring for a loved one. The functional status between individuals of the same chronological age can be surprisingly different. Therefore, the regular use of job-related tests is recommended as an alternative to the use of chronologic or functional age to determine a person's ability to perform on the job.Aging is a highly individualized experience and age-related changes occur at different rates for different people. However, since all the variables involve assumptions concerning the rate of decline with age, they may not stand up in a courtroom test. Functional age could employ many of the marker variables used in the physiologic age (VO2max, strength, etc.) in a task-specific manner. Physiologic age is viewed as a generalized measure of senescence that would be a useful tool for research studies on aging. This paper discusses the concept of functional or physiologic age and then considers how functional age can be determined in a specific job-related context. Instead, each individual should be judged on the basis of his or her functional capabilities. Therefore, age should not be viewed as a bona fide occupational qualification. Chronologic age, by itself, is seldom a reliable index of an individual's ability to perform strenuous physical work.